The Tribune

By DR ANDRE CLARKE

Breast cancer has affected and continues to affect the lives of many Bahamians. It is a terrible diagnosis and destroys families not only here, but all over the world.

It is the most common cancer in women worldwide and comprises approximately 16 per cent of all female cancers. In the United States, it is also the most common cancer diagnosed, second only to skin cancer.

In the past, it was thought to be a disease of the developed world, but it is now known that a majority of all breast cancer deaths occur in developing countries.

It is worth noting that breast cancer also affects men, and when diagnosed in men the prognosis is equally as devastating.

Breast cancer, simply put, is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. There are many scientific types of breast cancer, but they can be categorized for simplicity, as those originating from breast ducts and those originating from breast lobes. Treatment depends on the type, the differentiation and the spread of the breast cancer cells.

The standard of care for persons with breast cancer has significantly improved throughout the years. The global increase of breast cancer survival rates is proof of this. Early detection techniques; new treatment modules and an improving understanding of the disease, are some of the things that have propelled the survival rate positively.

Breast cancer awareness and research funding have helped to positively impact the management of breast cancer. After many public educational programs, it can be said that many persons in the public understand to some level, the role risk factors play in the disease of breast cancer.

A breast cancer risk factor is anything that makes an individual more likely to get breast cancer. If you have one or more risk factors it does not mean that you will develop breast cancer. A few of the risk factors are increasing age, being female, gene mutation, obesity, late menopause, early menarche (first menstrual cycle) and alcohol consumption.

Everyone who has been touched by breast cancer needs to understand the effects of breast cancer in a holistic manner and the impact it has on the mouth. The impact must not be ignored.

Breast cancer affects the oral cavity directly and indirectly. Directly, by the spread of breast cancer cells (metastasis) into the mouth and jaws. Indirectly, by the side effects of the methods of treatment of the disease.

Many women undergo surgery for breast cancer and also receive additional treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation or hormone therapy. It is common for chemotherapy and radiation therapy to cause inflammation of the mouth’s mucous membranes and tissues.

These different therapies, predispose to infections, bleeding, dry mouth and tooth decay. Taste changes, jaw stiffness, mouth pain/burning and bone loss in the jaws are also common after effects. There are drugs called bisphosphonates, that are sometimes used to treat bone loss that can result from breast cancer treatment. These bisphosphonates, in turn can predispose to possible future poor bone healing capability in the jaws. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy also can predispose to future poor bone healing capability in the jaws.

It is crucial for all persons undergoing treatment for breast cancer and the survivors of breast cancer, to be aware of the mouth changes mentioned above. Affected persons should seek a consultation with their dentist.

The state of your oral health can offer lots of clues about your overall health. Oral health and overall health are more connected than you may realize.

Remember, sometimes the first sign of a disease will show up in your mouth. In addition, changes in the health of your mouth, can be a sign of problems in other areas of your body. Do not neglect your mouth or your body.

• This article is for informational purposes only. It is not intended and may not be treated as, a substitute for professional medical/dental advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or dental professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical/dental condition. Never disregard professional medical/dental advice or delay in seeking it because of a purely informational publication. If you have questions, please send email to dr_andreclarke@hotmail.com.